Neuronal stem cells (neural progenitor cells, NPCs) can give rise to astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. In response to brain injury, NPCs differentiate preferentially into astrocytes rather than neurons. Excessive astrocyte expansion, known as astrogliosis, can prevent growth of neurons and interfere with proper damage repair. Therefore, the ability to direct differentiation of NPCs may be useful in protecting the brain against inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, which involve astrogliosis.
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